What type of enzyme is Carboxylesterase?
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are carboxylic ester and H2O, whereas its two products are alcohol and carboxylate. Most enzymes from this group are serine hydrolases belonging to the superfamily of proteins with alpha/beta hydrolase fold….
| carboxylesterase | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| EC no. | 3.1.1.1 |
| CAS no. | 9016-18-6 |
| Databases |
What is the function of Carboxylesterase?
Carboxylesterases are a multigene family of mammalian enzymes widely distributed throughout the body that catalyze the hydrolysis of esters, amides, thioesters, and carbamates. In humans, two carboxylesterases, hCE1 and hCE2, are important mediators of drug metabolism.
Where are Carboxylesterases found?
The carboxylesterases are located in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum of numerous tissues including the liver, small intestine, kidney, and lungs, but the greatest quantities are found in the liver and small intestine where they contribute significantly to the first-pass metabolic hydrolysis of substrate drugs.
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking ester bonds during xenobiotic metabolism?
The ‘unspecific carboxyl esterase’ predominantly expressed in the liver is also a B-esterase. It metabolizes many xenobiotic esters and amides, including several antiarrhythmic and anesthetic drugs. The ‘unspecific carboxylesterase’ is polymorphic in humans.
What are the applications of esterase enzymes?
Esterase plays a major role in the degradation of natural materials and industrial pollutants, viz., cereal wastes, plastics, and other toxic chemicals. It is useful in the synthesis of optically pure compounds, perfumes, and antioxidants.
What kind of enzyme is an esterase?
Esterases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of an ester group from a variety of substrates so that the esterified acid is released. The major group of esterases that is used for industrial purposes is lipase.
Which enzyme is important in phase II reaction?
Phase II drug metabolising enzymes are mainly transferases. This review covers the major phase II enzymes: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, N-acetyltransferases, glutathione S-transferases and methyltransferases (mainly thiopurine S-methyl transferase and catechol O-methyl transferase).
What is the enzyme of glucuronidation?
Glucuronidation reactions are catalyzed by a family of enzymes called uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), which likely evolved in response to the need to excrete lipophilic compounds from the body.
What is a carboxylesterase enzyme?
Introduction Carboxylesterases (CE) are ubiquitous enzymes that are responsible for the hydrolysis of carboxylic acid esters into their corresponding acid and alcohol [1, 2].
Can carboxylesterase inhibitors revolutionize drug discovery?
The implementation of carboxylesterase inhibitors may significantly revolutionize drug discovery. Such molecules may allow for improved efficacy of compounds inactivated by this class of enzymes and/or reduce the toxicity of agents that are activated by these proteins.
What is the role of carboxylesterase in detoxification?
Carboxylesterase are general detoxifying enzymes that hydrolyze esterified molecules. They are expressed in tissues likely to be exposed to such agents. Humans and small mammals demonstrate different levels of carboxylesterase expression. Organophosphorus compounds are irreversibly inhibitors of these enzymes.
Are organophosphorus compounds inhibitors of carboxylesterases?
Organophosphorus compounds are irreversibly inhibitors of these enzymes. Carboxylesterases (CE) are members of the esterase family of enzymes, and as their name suggests, they are responsible for the hydrolysis of carboxylesters into the corresponding alcohol and carboxylic acid.