Why are vector borne diseases a growing problem?
The factors responsible for the emergence/resurgence of vector-borne diseases are complex. They include insecticide and drug resistance, changes in public health policy, emphasis on emergency response, deemphasis of prevention programs, demographic and societal changes, and genetic changes in pathogens (10).
What diseases are caused by vectors?
Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding anthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
How can vector borne diseases be controlled?
Ensure your vaccinations are up to date for diseases prevalent in the area. 2. Wear light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts and long trousers, tucked into socks or boots, and use insect repellent on exposed skin and clothing to protect yourself from being bitten by mosquitoes, sandflies or ticks.
Which insect vectors is the widest range of diseases?
Many invertebrates are responsible for transmitting diseases. Mosquitoes are perhaps the best known invertebrate vector and transmit a wide range of tropical diseases including malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever.
Can humans be vectors of disease?
These factors include animals hosting the disease, vectors, and people. Humans can also be vectors for some diseases, such as Tobacco mosaic virus, physically transmitting the virus with their hands from plant to plant.
What are the 4 major disease vectors?
Disease vectorsMalaria (protozoan): Anopheles species of mosquito.Lymphatic filariasis (nematode worm): Culex, Anopheles, Aedes species of mosquito.Dengue (virus): Aedes species of mosquito.Leishmaniasis (protozoan): mainly Phlebotomus species of sandfly.
What viruses do mosquitoes carry?
Diseases that are spread to people by mosquitoes include Zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue, and malaria. Employers should protect workers and workers should protect themselves from diseases spread by mosquitoes.
What is the most common vector borne disease?
The most deadly vector borne disease, Malaria, kills over 1.2 million people annually, mostly African children under the age of five. Dengue fever, together with associated dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), is the world’s fastest growing vector borne disease.
Is Ebola a vector borne disease?
Additionally, Ebola virus is not known to be transmitted through food. However, in certain parts of the world, Ebola virus may spread through the handling and consumption of wild animal meat or hunted wild animals infected with Ebola. There is no evidence that mosquitoes or other insects can transmit Ebola virus.
How did Ebola jump to humans?
Close contact with infected blood, reuse of contaminated needles, and improper nursing techniques were the source for much of the human-to-human transmission during early Ebola outbreaks.
Did Ebola originate monkeys?
Scientists do not know where Ebola virus comes from. However, based on the nature of similar viruses, they believe the virus is animal-borne, with bats or nonhuman primates with bats or nonhuman primates (chimpanzees, apes, monkeys, etc.) being the most likely source.
How was Ebola cured?
There’s no cure for Ebola, though researchers are working on it. Only one drug treatment has been approved for treating Ebola.
Was the Ebola virus a pandemic?
“The epidemic killed about 774 people out of 8,098 that were infected,” IFLScience reported. “It started as an outbreak in Asia and then spread to two dozen countries and took the form of an epidemic.” A pandemic is an epidemic that has spread worldwide.
Is Ebola still around?
Ebola Virus Outbreaks by Species and Size, Since 1976 Zaire ebolavirus is the most fatal Ebola virus. It was associated with the 2014-2016 outbreak in West Africa, the largest Ebola outbreak to date with more than 28,600 cases, as well as the current ongoing outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
Is there a cure for Ebola 2020?
There is currently no cure for ebola, but there are two trial vaccines in progress. The Merck vaccine offers an estimated 97.5 percent effective protection for 97.5 percent of its participants 10 days after being vaccinated.
When was the last pandemic flu?
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide during 1918-1919.
What was the most recent pandemic?
20 of the worst epidemics and pandemics in historyFlu pandemic: 1889-1890. American polio epidemic: 1916. Spanish Flu: 1918-1920. Asian Flu: 1957-1958. AIDS pandemic and epidemic: 1981-present day. H1N1 Swine Flu pandemic: 2009-2010. West African Ebola epidemic: 2014-2016. Zika Virus epidemic: 2015-present day.