What does the CES-D measure?
Description of Measure: The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D), originally published by Radloff in 1977, is a 20-item measure that asks caregivers to rate how often over the past week they experienced symptoms associated with depression, such as restless sleep, poor appetite, and feeling lonely.
How do you read a CES-D score?
CES-D Scoring In scoring the CES-D, a value of 0, 1, 2 or 3 is assigned to a response depending upon whether the item is worded positively or negatively. Possible range of scores is 0 to 60, with the higher scores indicating the presence of more symptomatology.
Is the CES-D a Likert scale?
The CES–D consists of 20 items in a self-report format measuring depressive symptoms experienced in the past week on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (rarely or none of the time) to 3 (most or all of the time).
What is the scale of measurement for depression?
The 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) measures severity of depression in individuals 18 years and older. Each item is rated on a 7-point scale. The scale is an adaptation of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and has a greater sensitivity to change over time.
Is CES-D reliable?
The CES-D has been shown to be a reliable measure for assessing the number, types, and duration of depressive symptoms across racial, gender, and age categories (Knight, Williams, McGee & Olaman, 1997; Radloff, 1977; Roberts, Vernon, & Rhoades, 1989).
Who made CES-d scale?
The original CES-D as developed by Radloff in 1977 contains 20 items, four of which are reverse coded. Reverse-coded items (4, 8, 12, & 16) are written in the positive direction to both break response sets as well as measure presence or absence of positive affect.
How many questions did those who developed the CES-D’r originally consider including in this scale?
As in the original CESD the range of possible scores is between 0 (for those who say ‘not at all or less than one day to all 20 questions’ and 60 (for those who say ‘5-7 days’ or ‘nearly every day for 2 weeks’ for all 20 questions).
Who invented the CES-D?
What kind of scale is the CES D?
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale The CES-D scale is a 20-item instrument with each item rated on a four-point scale ranging from 0 (“rarely or none of the time”) to 3 (“most or all of the time”). Four of the items are positive statements which are inversely scored for calculating the total score.
What is Hamilton Depression Rating Scale?
The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), also called the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), sometimes also abbreviated as HAM-D, is a multiple-item questionnaire used to provide an indication of depression, and as a guide to evaluate recovery.
What is the CES-D scale of depression?
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale includes twenty items comprising six scales reflecting major facets of depression: depressed mood, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness, psychomotor retardation, loss of appetite, and sleep disturbance.
What is the Radloff model of depression?
A modified version of the model proposed by Radloff [47]provided a 3-factor (i.e., negative affect, anhedonia, and somatic symptoms), 14-item solution that is consistent with contemporary conceptualization of depression [1]and demonstrated excellent fit within all samples as indicated by all fit indices.
What are the items of the Depression Scale?
The items of the scale are symptoms associated with depression which have been used in previously validated longer scales.
Is there a re-test for the CES-D scale?
CES-D Test Re-test Reliabilities for the CES-D Scale by Ethnic/Language Group and Time Interval between Interviews Original Validation Study: (Radloff, 1977): Symptoms of depression were identified from both clinical literature and factor analytic studies.